品名

二氯化錫; 氯化錫(II); 氯化亞錫; “錫鹽”;  Tin dichloride;  Tin(II)chloride;  Stannous chloride; CAS：7772-99-8

二水合二氯化錫; Tin dichloride dihydrate

理化性質(zhì)

無水物為白色正交晶體。分子式SnCl2。分子量189.61。相對(duì)密度3.95。熔點(diǎn)246℃。沸點(diǎn)652℃。與三氟化溴、碳化鈣、環(huán)氧乙烷、水合肼、硝酸鹽、鉀、鈉、過氧化氫發(fā)生劇烈反應(yīng)。加熱分解,生成氯化物。

二水合物無色晶體。分子式SnCl2·2H2O。分子量225.63。相對(duì)密度2.71。熔點(diǎn)37.7℃。蒸氣壓53.32kPa(400mmHg450℃)。加熱至100℃失去結(jié)晶水。在空氣中被氧化生成不溶性氯氧化物。

二者均溶于水,并遇較多水,易水解出堿式鹽沉淀。溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、鹽酸、堿中。

接觸機(jī)會(huì)

除在染料制造上作強(qiáng)還原劑使用外,還廣泛用于染料的媒染劑,墨水漬的去除,有機(jī)反應(yīng)催化劑,蔗錫,醫(yī)藥用品,潤(rùn)滑油的游渣防止劑,食品保存,肥皂的保香劑,鏡子的鍍銀,塑料制品進(jìn)行電鍍的添加劑及實(shí)驗(yàn)室常用的還原劑等。生產(chǎn)與使用過程中可接觸。

國(guó)內(nèi)主要生產(chǎn)廠商:上海冶煉廠、天津紅光化工廠、昆明南強(qiáng)化工廠、上海縣北橋化工廠、廣州立新化工廠、沈陽市化工四廠、西安延河化工廠、沈陽市化工六廠

侵入途徑

可通過消化道吸收。

毒理學(xué)簡(jiǎn)介

大鼠經(jīng)口LD50: 700 mg/kg。小鼠經(jīng)口LD50: 250 mg/kg。

狗進(jìn)食含氯化亞錫500mg/kg體重的牛奶后,出現(xiàn)癱瘓。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,胃腸外途徑引起急性中毒主要是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)受損表現(xiàn),同時(shí)有胃腸功能紊亂。腎、肝、心等臟器亦可受累; 經(jīng)口毒性較小。

IDLH: +400 mg/cu m /Tin (inorganic cmpd except oxides, as Sn)/ [R61]

臨床表現(xiàn)

曾有報(bào)道由于錫污染罐頭食品引起食物中毒,最低污染濃度250mg/kg,臨床表現(xiàn)為惡心、嘔吐、腹瀉等急性胃腸炎癥狀。

美國(guó)HSDB引用文獻(xiàn)：

*In this study tin(II), as stannous chloride, is readily taken up by human white blood cells and can cause damage to DNA. Damage was detected in white blood cells after exposure to 10-50 uM tin(II) for 30 minutes at either 0 deg or 37 deg C. [R17]

*Organotin compounds examined in this study exhibited a relative order of potency for induction of in vitro hemolysis in human erythrocytes as follows: tri-n-butylitin > tri-n-propyltitn > tetra-n-butyltin > triphenyltin chloride > tri-n-ethyltin bromide > dibutyltin dichloride > stannous chloride > tri-n-methyltin chloride + butyltin chloride dihydroxide. [R18]

*Inorganic tin salts by normal routes of intake, inhalation & oral, are by comparison relatively innocuous, whereas organic tin compounds in general are highly toxic by these routes. /Tin compounds/ [R19, 1945]

*LOW TOXICOLOGICAL RISK GENERALLY ASSOC WITH INORGANIC TIN INGESTION IS DUE LARGELY TO THE LOW DEGREE OF ABSORPTION, LOW TISSUE RETENTION, AND RAPID TURNOVER OF THE ELEMENT. /INORGANIC TIN CMPD/ [R20]

*TIN SALTS, WHEN THEY HAVE GAINED ACCESS TO THE BLOOD STREAM, ARE HIGHLY TOXIC, PRODUCING PARALYSIS AND OTHER NEUROLOGIC DAMAGE. /INORGANIC TIN SALTS/ [R21]

*Target organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system. /Tin, inorganic cmpd, except oxides (as Sn)/ [R13, 225]

*Acute poisoning has been reported, usually following ingestion of fruit juices containing concentrations of tin greater than about 250 mg/l. The major symptoms and signs are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache. In a unique incident, involving 110 persons who had consumed only canned peaches, intoxication was reported in the majority of those questioned. Two out of seven persons who had ingested 50 mg of tin in the peaches fell ill. /Inorganic tin/ [R22]

*Inhalation of dusts or fumes of tin metal & salts produces mild, benign pneumoconiosis in ... man. /Tin & tin salts/ [R23, 185]

處理

對(duì)癥處理。

中毒較重時(shí)可考慮試用二巰基丙磺酸鈉等驅(qū)錫治療。

衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

車間空氣衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn):

美國(guó)ACGIH TLV-TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

美國(guó)MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

美國(guó)OSHA PEL(所有行業(yè)): 8H TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

澳大利亞: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

比利時(shí): TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

丹麥: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

芬蘭: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

德國(guó): TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

匈牙利: TWA 1 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 2 mg(Sn)/m3, 皮膚

荷蘭: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

菲律賓: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

瑞士: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 4 mg(Sn)/m3

泰國(guó): TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3

英國(guó): TWA 5 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 10 mg(Sn)/m3

保加利亞,哥倫比亞,約旦,韓國(guó) 參照美國(guó) ACGIH TLV;

新西蘭,新加坡,越南 參照美國(guó) ACGIH TLV

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]Barnes JM, et al. The toxicology of tin compounds. Pharmacol Rev 1959; 11:211.

[2]Warburton S.et al. Outbreak of food borneillness attributed to tin. Pub Health Rep 1962; 77:798.

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